隨著我國電力系統配電網設備的不斷發展，國家在城鄉電網建設和改造中，要求高壓直接進入負荷中心，形成高壓受電—變壓器降壓—低壓配電的供電方式，要使配電設備向節地、節能、緊湊型、小型智能化、無人值守的方向發展，智能型箱式變電站自投入市場運行以來，供電系統反映情況良好，受到了廣大用戶的歡迎和青睞，因而在城鄉電網中得到廣泛應用，下面就其基本結構、性能、智能化及市場前景作一簡要介紹和分析。

1概述智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)箱式變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)是(shi)社(she)會經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)展和(he)城市(shi)(shi)建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)必然(ran)產物。近二十多(duo)年的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)展，城市(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)格局(ju)發(fa)生了(le)較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化，過去那種集中(zhong)降壓、長距離配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)方式已(yi)經(jing)(jing)大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)制約了(le)城市(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并(bing)降低(di)了(le)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)效(xiao)益。原因是(shi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)半徑(jing)過大(da)(da)(da)，線路損(sun)耗(hao)隨著(zhu)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷的(de)(de)(de)增加(jia)而(er)大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)增加(jia)，同(tong)時(shi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)質量(liang)也大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)降低(di)。為此(ci)，國家(jia)在(zai)城網建設(she)中(zhong)，要求高壓直接(jie)進入市(shi)(shi)區，深入負荷中(zhong)心。與此(ci)同(tong)時(shi)，由于(yu)信息(xi)化、網絡化和(he)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化住(zhu)宅小區的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，不(bu)僅(jin)要求箱式變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)安全可(ke)靠，同(tong)時(shi)要求具有(you)“四遙(yao)”(遙(yao)測、遙(yao)信、遙(yao)調、遙(yao)控)的(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。這(zhe)種智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)箱式變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)環(huan)網供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，在(zai)特(te)定自主(zhu)軟件配合下，能(neng)(neng)(neng)完成故(gu)障區段自動(dong)定位、故(gu)障切除、負荷轉帶(dai)、網絡重構(gou)等(deng)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而(er)保證在(zai)短時(shi)間內恢復送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。它是(shi)集高壓開關柜、變(bian)壓器、低(di)壓開關柜于(yu)一體，具有(you)成套性(xing)強、體積小、結構(gou)緊湊(cou)、可(ke)靠性(xing)高、現(xian)場安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工作量(liang)小、安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)調試周期短以(yi)及可(ke)移動(dong)等(deng)特(te)點，是(shi)城鄉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網建設(she)與改造中(zhong)理想的(de)(de)(de)新型成套設(she)備(bei)。

2箱式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)結構(gou)特(te)點(dian)、性能(neng)和(he)(he)智能(neng)化(hua)智能(neng)箱式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)是一(yi)(yi)種將高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)開(kai)關設(she)(she)備、配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)和(he)(he)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)按一(yi)(yi)定接線方式(shi)(shi)(shi)組(zu)成一(yi)(yi)體的(de)緊湊(cou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)中壓(ya)(ya)(ya)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備，它將高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)、低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)功(gong)能(neng)有機地(di)組(zu)合在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)起(qi)，可(ke)作為城市高(gao)層建筑(zhu)、居(ju)民小區、市政設(she)(she)施、工廠、礦山、公路(lu)、碼頭、油(you)田等(deng)場所(suo)的(de)智能(neng)化(hua)變(bian)(bian)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備。在(zai)(zai)20世紀60年代國外(wai)就大量生產(chan)和(he)(he)使用箱式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，目(mu)前(qian)技(ji)術已(yi)經成熟，在(zai)(zai)歐洲箱式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)已(yi)占配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)70％左右，在(zai)(zai)美國箱式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)產(chan)量占配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)產(chan)量的(de)80％以上。這種箱式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)直到90年代才(cai)引(yin)入我國。

2.1布局智(zhi)能箱式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)在結構上采用(yong)模塊方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，每一(yi)臺箱式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)可(ke)由(you)以下各種型式(shi)(shi)(shi)組合而(er)成（見圖1所示）：按(an)(an)(an)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)開關(guan)接入電(dian)網型式(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)為環網型或雙電(dian)源型或終端型；按(an)(an)(an)設備(bei)布置(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)為“目(mu)”字型或“品”字型；按(an)(an)(an)內裝變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)種類(lei)分(fen)為油(you)浸全密(mi)封變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)或干式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)；按(an)(an)(an)箱體外(wai)(wai)殼(ke)(ke)材質分(fen)為金屬外(wai)(wai)殼(ke)(ke)或非金屬外(wai)(wai)殼(ke)(ke)等。從布置(zhi)上看，高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)室、變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)室、低壓(ya)(ya)室按(an)(an)(an)“品”字形(xing)布置(zhi)，結構緊湊，便(bian)于安裝選址、操作和巡檢；當變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)室排布多(duo)臺變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)時尤為有利(li)，按(an)(an)(an)“目(mu)”字形(xing)布置(zhi)，接線(xian)較為方(fang)(fang)便(bian)，是目(mu)前采用(yong)較多(duo)的(de)一(yi)種布置(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。

2.2高(gao)壓接線方(fang)(fang)式高(gao)壓（12kV）側(ce)，采用(yong)SF6負荷開(kai)(kai)關與限流(liu)熔斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)組合作為變壓器(qi)的保護，一般(ban)有環網、雙(shuang)電(dian)源和終端(duan)三(san)種(zhong)供電(dian)方(fang)(fang)式，限流(liu)熔斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)一相(xiang)(xiang)熔斷(duan)(duan)時必(bi)須能聯動跳開(kai)(kai)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)負荷開(kai)(kai)關，不會發生缺(que)相(xiang)(xiang)運行(xing)。線路(lu)側(ce)負荷開(kai)(kai)關必(bi)須配(pei)有直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)源電(dian)動操作機構，可實現無外(wai)來交流(liu)電(dian)源狀態(tai)下自啟動。環網回路(lu)必(bi)需配(pei)置檢(jian)測故(gu)障電(dian)流(liu)用(yong)的電(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)器(qi)或傳感(gan)器(qi)。

2.3變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)選型和散熱處理智能(neng)(neng)(neng)箱式變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)站采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，一般將10kV降(jiang)至380V/220V，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容(rong)量(liang)一般為160～1600kVA，最常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)為200～630kVA。其器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身為三(san)(san)相(xiang)三(san)(san)柱(zhu)或(huo)三(san)(san)相(xiang)五(wu)柱(zhu)式、Dyn11或(huo)Yyn0聯結(jie)(jie)。三(san)(san)相(xiang)五(wu)柱(zhu)式Dyn11變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)優點(dian)是帶三(san)(san)相(xiang)不(bu)對稱負(fu)荷能(neng)(neng)(neng)力強，不(bu)會(hui)因三(san)(san)相(xiang)負(fu)載(zai)不(bu)對稱造成中性點(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)偏移，負(fu)載(zai)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)質量(liang)可得到(dao)保證(zheng)，這種變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)具(ju)(ju)有很(hen)好的(de)(de)耐雷特性等。變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)S9M、S11M全密封、免維護、低噪(zao)音(yin)、性價(jia)比高的(de)(de)油浸(jin)式變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（噪(zao)音(yin)≤50dB）或(huo)新型干式變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（噪(zao)音(yin)≤55dB）等。采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)干式變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室必須(xu)配(pei)散熱系統(tong)。目前，國內(nei)(nei)大多采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)新S9或(huo)S11系列配(pei)電(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，有的(de)(de)也采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)非晶合金(jin)(jin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，其優點(dian)是空載(zai)損耗(hao)很(hen)小，但價(jia)格高，但隨著制造技(ji)術的(de)(de)提高，一旦價(jia)格降(jiang)下來(lai)，非晶合金(jin)(jin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)會(hui)占據市場(chang)主導(dao)地位。為防止變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室因日照(zhao)輻(fu)射使室溫(wen)升高，采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)四周壁添加隔(ge)熱材料(liao)、雙層夾(jia)板結(jie)(jie)構，屋頂采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)雙層結(jie)(jie)構，夾(jia)層間可通(tong)氣流(liu)(liu)，具(ju)(ju)有良好的(de)(de)隔(ge)熱作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，內(nei)(nei)設(she)通(tong)風道。并配(pei)有自動(dong)溫(wen)控儀(yi)，設(she)置變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室內(nei)(nei)為40℃，如(ru)高于40℃時，自動(dong)溫(wen)控儀(yi)動(dong)作(zuo)，使軸流(liu)(liu)風機工作(zuo)。其溫(wen)度的(de)(de)整定值按允許溫(wen)度的(de)(de)80～90設(she)定，室內(nei)(nei)正常溫(wen)度下，靠(kao)自然通(tong)風來(lai)散熱。為了(le)通(tong)風，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室的(de)(de)箱體上(shang)一般設(she)置了(le)百(bai)葉窗，使氣流(liu)(liu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)進(jin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)出，產生(sheng)對流(liu)(liu)。

2.4低壓側(ce)(ce)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)特點(dian)低壓（0.4kV）側(ce)(ce)，主開(kai)關采用(yong)(yong)微型(xing)智能(neng)(neng)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)。出線保(bao)護可(ke)以配(pei)多路(lu)空(kong)氣斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)或熔斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)；具(ju)有微機控(kong)制(zhi)，自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)循環投(tou)(tou)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)的一(yi)體化(hua)節能(neng)(neng)無(wu)功(gong)(gong)補(bu)償(chang)裝置，補(bu)償(chang)容量(liang)一(yi)般為(wei)變(bian)壓器(qi)容量(liang)的15～30；可(ke)配(pei)獨立電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)計(ji)量(liang)的自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)抄表系統(tong)，實現遠程(cheng)抄表、讀數。低壓側(ce)(ce)配(pei)備配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運行(xing)綜合(he)監(jian)控(kong)儀，可(ke)實現數據傳(chuan)送(song)和監(jian)控(kong)管理(li)系統(tong)的“四(si)遙(yao)”功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)。可(ke)通過變(bian)壓器(qi)低壓側(ce)(ce)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)實現兩(liang)臺變(bian)壓器(qi)互投(tou)(tou)，從而來(lai)實現節能(neng)(neng)，提高經濟(ji)效益。通過采納(na)使用(yong)(yong)方便、邏輯簡(jian)單(dan)、易實現原則，制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)互投(tou)(tou)邏輯如下(xia)：正(zheng)常運行(xing)情況：兩(liang)臺TTU（配(pei)變(bian)監(jian)控(kong)終端）均以負(fu)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)判據（無(wu)需考慮電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓）。第一(yi)，250kVA變(bian)壓器(qi)側(ce)(ce)TTU判斷(duan)(duan)負(fu)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)I>設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)門(men)(men)檻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)I0，在(zai)時(shi)間T內，負(fu)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)I>設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)門(men)(men)檻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)I0，認(ren)為(wei)達到切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)換(huan)條件，切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)斷(duan)(duan)本地(di)開(kai)關，向對方發(fa)出遙(yao)控(kong)合(he)閘命令(ling)，見(jian)圖(tu)(tu)2所(suo)示(shi)。第二，500kVA變(bian)壓器(qi)側(ce)(ce)TTU判斷(duan)(duan)負(fu)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)I>設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)門(men)(men)檻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)I0，設(she)置Flag，負(fu)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)I<設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)門(men)(men)檻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)I0，在(zai)時(shi)間T內，負(fu)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)I<設(she)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)門(men)(men)檻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)I0，認(ren)為(wei)達到切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)換(huan)條件，切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)斷(duan)(duan)本地(di)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)，向對方發(fa)出遙(yao)控(kong)合(he)閘命令(ling)，見(jian)圖(tu)(tu)3所(suo)示(shi)。自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)投(tou)(tou)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)說明：第一(yi)，送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態，上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后手動(dong)(dong)(dong)投(tou)(tou)入“自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)投(tou)(tou)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)”功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)，應嚴格遵守操(cao)作流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)：先(xian)投(tou)(tou)入對側(ce)(ce)TTU“自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)投(tou)(tou)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)”功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)，再投(tou)(tou)入本側(ce)(ce)TTU“自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)投(tou)(tou)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)”功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)和低壓側(ce)(ce)出線開(kai)關。第二，停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、維(wei)修、低壓側(ce)(ce)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)、高壓側(ce)(ce)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)等非正(zheng)常運行(xing)狀(zhuang)況下(xia)，需先(xian)將(jiang)兩(liang)臺TTU的“自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)投(tou)(tou)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)”功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)退出，再進行(xing)線路(lu)上的其他操(cao)作。

2.5智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)選配(pei)(pei)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)箱式(shi)(shi)變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)采用的(de)(de)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)型元(yuan)器件應配(pei)(pei)置電(dian)源、接口器件、通(tong)信(xin)介質、控制(zhi)設備，以滿足智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)。從而實(shi)現主站(zhan)(zhan)通(tong)過(guo)總線對(dui)斷路器、電(dian)網的(de)(de)遠程測(ce)量、調節、控制(zhi)、通(tong)信(xin)；或采用智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)控制(zhi)儀(yi)對(dui)高低(di)壓側(ce)(ce)進行本地或遠程的(de)(de)測(ce)量、調節、控制(zhi)、通(tong)信(xin)。在系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)方案配(pei)(pei)置時考(kao)慮到用戶(hu)對(dui)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)監控的(de)(de)要求(qiu)，采用以下兩(liang)種方式(shi)(shi)之一(yi)進行：高低(di)壓側(ce)(ce)分別配(pei)(pei)置智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)；高低(di)壓側(ce)(ce)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)配(pei)(pei)置智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。裝備智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)箱式(shi)(shi)變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)具(ju)有下列智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)：顯(xian)示(shi)高壓側(ce)(ce)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)次接線圖(tu)，反映(ying)各高壓開(kai)關分合(he)閘狀態；“四遙”功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)；系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)管理。

2.6外(wai)殼制造工(gong)藝表面防護層的(de)附著(zhu)力(li)差、壽命短，制約了(le)普(pu)通(tong)鋼(gang)板用(yong)(yong)于戶外(wai)型箱式(shi)變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)。外(wai)殼有的(de)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)不銹鋼(gang)板或(huo)鋁合金板或(huo)聚苯乙烯復合板，而非(fei)金屬外(wai)殼（如玻(bo)璃(li)纖維(wei)增強水泥板、玻(bo)璃(li)纖維(wei)增強塑(su)料板、彩色(se)板等）的(de)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)是一種流行趨勢。當然，外(wai)殼必須堅固，隔(ge)熱性(xing)能優良，防火阻燃(ran)，應能承受因內部故障電(dian)弧(hu)而引起的(de)沖擊力(li)，其形(xing)狀(zhuang)和顏色(se)要盡量與周邊環境相(xiang)協調(diao)。3結束語我國箱式(shi)變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)行業雖(sui)然從引進到生產已經(jing)有近20年的(de)歷(li)史了(le)，但箱式(shi)變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)應用(yong)(yong)率(lv)仍然很低，不足配(pei)變的(de)10.5％，距世界發(fa)(fa)達國家的(de)70％～91.3％還相(xiang)去甚遠(yuan)，因而其具(ju)有很大的(de)市場(chang)潛力(li)。箱式(shi)變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)除智能化(hua)、免維(wei)護、節能外(wai)，自動化(hua)控制技術的(de)應用(yong)(yong)將是發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)整(zheng)體趨勢，今后的(de)配(pei)電(dian)設備將會朝著(zhu)這個方向(xiang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。